英语四级考试如何复习，什么是重点要点和高频考点，这是很多考生的疑问。对此，新东方在线整理了2023年下半年英语四级语法入门知识必须具备：被动式，供各位考生参考。
2023年下半年英语四级语法入门知识必须具备：被动式
被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语 或是状语.
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不带to 的不定式:
在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 假如动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“导致”意义的have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.
John made her tell him everything.
这种结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.
Id rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
Ive heard tell of him.
在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.
Can I help lift this heavy box?
在介词except, but 之后, 假如其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it sTOPs raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
Theres no choice but to wait till it sTOPs raining.
连词rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出目前句中其他地方时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作补语的动词不定式, 假如主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这个时候，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
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