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医务英语|英文药品说明书的写法(6)

来源:www.atolyef.com 2024-05-03

第六节 用量与使用方法

本项最常见的英语表示法有:

Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与使用方法

Route of Administration 给药渠道(使用方法)

Administration 使用方法

Direction for Use 使用方法

Method of (for) Administration 使用方法

Application and Dosage 使用方法与用(剂)量

Mode of Application 使用方法

Dosage 用(剂)量

How to Use 使用方法

Posology 剂量学

还可能有其他的表示办法。

本项也是阅读的重点,读者需要正确理解本项内容中的给药对象、给药方法、剂量及剂量单位、给药时间等。

1、常用表示剂量的术语

average dose 平均剂量 minimal1 (minimum) dose 最小有效量

daily dose 日剂量(1日量) multiple dose 多剂量

pided dose 分次剂量 overdose (overdose) 过量

fatal (lethal2) dose 致死量 single dose 一次剂量

indicated dose 有效蛴量 standard dose 标准(适合)剂量

initial (beginning, starting) dose 初次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推荐剂量

maintenance dose 保持量 therapeutic3 dose 治疗剂量

maximum dose 最大剂量(极量) usual (normal) dose 常用剂量

2、常见的剂量单位表示法

g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升

mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升

kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升

mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 国际单位

ug 微克 body weight 体重

per square meter of body surface 每平米体表面积

3、每次给药次数的表示办法

daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每天

every hours 每隔小时

intervats of 每隔

once (twice) daily (a day) 每天一(二)次

every other day 每隔1日

three times a day (daily) 每天三次

three times a week 每周三次

once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次

Divided into doses 分次

in two or three pided doses 分为二或三次(个剂量)

例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.

假如大夫不另开处方,平均日剂量为每天3次、每次1个胶襄。

例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 pided doses orally, taken with meets.

日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。

例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.

开始剂量最好为每天3次,每次半片美多巴250.

例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally pided and spaced doses.

儿童:常用总剂量为每天50-100mg/kg体重,均分为四等份,等间隔给药。

例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.

推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。

4、给药对象:最容易见到的用词有

adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 婴幼儿

adult(s) 成年人 male 男士

baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿

children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 病人,患者

debilitated4 patients 体弱病人 pediatric 儿科的

elderly patient(s) 老年病人 pregnant women 孕妇

female 女人 senile patient(s) 老年病人(患者)

5、给药方法的表示法:多用副词成或介词短语表示,比如:

intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服

intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液

intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射

intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射

intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药

intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药

intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药

locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药

parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药

subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous infusion5 (perfusion) 静脉输注

subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药

submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药

by aerosol6 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药

by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药

by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药

by lumbar 腰椎给药 pro7 recto 直肠给药

除此之外还有很多其他的表示法,不一一列举。

6、表示投药的常用动词

administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药

use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药

recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药

7、表示不一样的用药方法的动词:

take 服用 inhale8 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于

spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服

例6 the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.

建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。

例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subpided9 into injections every 6-8-12 hours.

肌肉注射:每天每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。

例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 pided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two pided doses.

成年人:肌肉注射,每天400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每天10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。

例9 The tablets (or the syrup10) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.

片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。

例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied11 to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.

把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何便捷的皮肤地区,最好是贴在手臂或乳房。

例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled12 or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.

一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。

8、其它的短语或句型,比如:

according to 依据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 合适,修改

on the basis of 在基础上 vary fromto 变化范围由至,因而异

range from to 变化范围由至

it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议

例子不少,不一一列举。

例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients inpidually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosplayuria and blood sugar.

在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不一样的病人。

例13 It si advisable to initiate13 therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.

建议开始治疗时使用大剂量,每天剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。

例14 In severs14 chronic15 cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.

治疗紧急的慢成人两性疾病时,治疗从每天1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔1日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。

例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.

所需注射次数因病人而异。

例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the inpidual metabolic16 state.

格路特利的剂量需由大夫依据每一个病人的代谢情况调整。

例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.

在这样的情况下,建议降低剂量。

例18 The maintenance dosage is determined17 by response of the patient.

保持剂量视病人对药物的反应而定。

从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词语较多,只须有肯定的英语基础均可了解,专业词语多为医学词语,可从英汉医学词典中查出。


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