19. Smoking and Cancer
1. Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year . This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195
cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men
smoke compared with 34% of American women.
1、美国人每年吸烟60亿支。这大致等于每一个十八岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计，美国有51％的男士抽烟，而女人抽烟的比率则为34％。
2. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend
of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that
show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated with shortened life expectancy1.
2、1939年以来，为了确定吸烟是不是有害健康进行了很多的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有紧急的危险。很多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，尤其是吸烟草与预期寿命缩短有关。
3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the
lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette Smokers2 have
a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. The majority
of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say, Give up smoking. If you dont smokedont start!
3、这方面的研究职员大都相信吸烟草是产生肺癌、喉癌的要紧原因，还觉得膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。男士抽烟者的心脏病死亡率比不抽烟的高。大部分大夫和研究职员觉得，上述那些关系已得到让人认可的证实，并且告诫说：戒烟吧，假如你不会抽那可不要学!
4. Some competent physicians and research workersthough their small number is decreased even furtherare less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms
of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or chemical pesticides4 that are now
being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases,
they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating
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