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不定式作后置定语

来源:www.ltglw.com 2025-03-13

As the average age of the population increases, there are more and moreold people to care for.

问:此句中 to care for为不定式作old people的后置定语成动宾关系,为何不需要不定式的被动语态:to be cared for?

As the average ageof the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.

句子暗示,不定式的逻辑主语是“大家;大家”。假如你在 to care for 之前添上省去的逻辑主语,就了解为何不需要被动语态了:

As the average ageof the population increases, there are more and more old people for us to care for.

尽管语言有抽象的语法规则进行规范,但它毕竟是很形象的东西,需要你认真去体验它,领会它的内在含义。比如有时,假如把不定式的主动形式改为被动形式,意思会发生非常大变化。比较:

There is nothingto do. 无事可做。(暗示“无聊感”)

There is nothingto be done.不可以干什么了。(暗示“束手无策”)

There is nothingto see. 没值得看的东西。

There is nothingto be seen. 什么东西也看不见。

I will findsomething to eat. 我要找点吃的。(自己吃)

I will findsomething to be eaten. 我要找点吃的。(自己或其他人吃)

He has a lot ofwork to do. 他有不少工作要做。(自己做)

He has a lot ofwork to be done. 他有不少工作要其他人去做。(他安排其他人做)

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